Nutrition évolutionnaire (ancestrale)
santé nutrition animal-based-diet note-ébauche
https://ancestralsupplements.com/about-us.html
L’ABD s’appuie sur la théorie évolutionnaire, l’on parle parfois de théorie ancestrale de la nutrition. L’idée est de manger ce que nos ancêtres humains ont mangé pendant la plus grande partie de leur évolution, dans la mesure où notre corps n’a que négligeablement changé depuis cette période et qu’il est adapté à l’environnement nutritionnel d’époque.
“The Paleolithic or Old Stone Age occupied nearly all the last two million years of human evolutionary experience, an especially critical time segment during which the adaptations that define our genus were selected: body mass and shape, locomotive capability, masticatory apparatus, growth/developmental schedule, relative (and absolute) brain size, resting metabolic rate, and daily foraging range[1]. Experiential changes associated with agriculture and industry have been dramatic and might readily have influenced the human genome given sufficient time; however, the very rapidity of these innovations has almost totally overreached the capacity of genetic evolution to keep pace.
While there has clearly been some Holocene genetic adaptation, primarily to infectious diseases (e. g. malaria), increasing population size and greater mobility have actually reduced the likelihood of genetic innovation in recent millennia [2]. It is, therefore, not mere rhetorical hyperbole to assert that contemporary humans are, in the genetic sense, still Stone Agers and that, consequently, we remain adapted for a preagricultural nutritional pattern.”
📰 EATON, S. B., & EATON III, S. B. (2000). “Paleolithic vs. modern diets — selected pathophysiological implications”. European Journal of Nutrition, 39(2), 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003940070032
“The existing human genome reflects evolutionary experience of human and prehuman ancestral species extending ultimately to the origin of life on earth. Comparative studies reveal that over 98 % of our genes are shared by chimpanzees and gorillas (1) so that most of our genetic makeup must antedate the hominid-pongid split when the ancestors of humans and chimpanzees diverged, perhaps five million years ago. Early hominine evolution, dominated by successive Ardipithecine and Australopithecine species, produced characteristics, including hairlessness and erect posture, which set our ancestors apart from other primates. However, it was the Pleistocene, the 2.5 million years preceding agriculture, during which the defining characteristics of contemporary humans were selected: our resting metabolic rate, body proportions, sexual dimorphism, daily foraging range (which became more like that of carnivores and less primate-like) and brain size (2,3). Under certain circumstances genetic evolution can be “rapid.” For example, significant changes in large mammal (e.g., red deer, mastodon, bison) body size have occurred in just a few thousand years. However, recent conditions have not been conducive to human evolutionary innovation. Increased population size and greater mobility have led to the conclusion that, ” … never ever, in the history of any species, have conditions been less propitious for the fixation of evolutionary novelties” (4 - see also 5,6). So, while genetic evolution has continued since the appearance of agriculture, it is not hyperbole to maintain that from the standpoint of our genes all humans living in the present are still Stone Agers - well over 99% identical, genetically, to our ancestors of 15,000 years ago. Our biochemistry and physiology remain adapted for the lifestyle which existed then, not that of the present.
Experiential factors during the Pleistocene, known in human context as the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age, included physical exertion, psychosocial interactions, exposures to toxins and allergens, reproductive experience, microbial encounters, and nutrition. All of these exerted important selective influences on the genetic makeup which still characterizes contemporary humans, but in each case experience in current affluent nations differs greatly from what it was during almost all of human evolution. The time course for change has been variable; for example, the most important alterations in physical exertion and reproduction have occurred only recently, chiefly in the last century. In contrast, human nutrition changed drastically in the earliest days of agriculture: cereal grains, previously used only in times of severe shortage, became the dominant source of food energy, an innovation unprecedented in primate experience (7). The extraordinary dietary perturbations of the twentieth century have further distanced human nutrition from what it was during the evolution of our species.”
📰 EATON, S. B., & EATON III, S. B. (2000). “Consumption of Trace Elements and Minerals by Preagricultural Humans”. In: Bogden, J.D., Klevay, L.M. (eds) “Clinical Nutrition of the Essential Trace Elements and Minerals”. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-040-7_3
McRae, M. (2021, April 7). Humans Were Actually Apex Predators For 2 Million Years, New Study Finds. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/real-paleo-diets-may-have-been-far-more-carnivorous-than-anything-we-d-eat-today
Ben-Dor, M., Sirtoli, R., & Barkai, R. (2021). The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 175(S72), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24247